![]() ![]() It’s worth noting here that the faster the lens, the more expensive it is. These types of lenses are fairly common, and the variable maximum aperture is a result of using smaller-diameter lens elements in the lens, which subsequently keeps costs down. Along the zoom range, as the focal length increases, the maximum aperture changes to a slower aperture. When zoomed in to 55mm, though, the maximum aperture changes to f/5.6. For example, when shooting with an 18–55mm f/3.5–5.6 lens at 18mm-the widest focal length on that lens-the maximum aperture is f/3.5. Simply put, lenses with variable maximum apertures will close down their maximum aperture as they are zoomed in to the scene. ![]() However, other lenses, such as the 18–55mm f/3.5–5.6 and the 70–300mm f/4–5.6, have what is commonly known as variable maximum apertures. Some lenses, such as the 24–70mm L and the 70–200mm L have a fixed f/2.8 maximum aperture opening. Canon also manufactures many great zoom lenses, and in doing so, introduces another issue-lens speed. ![]() These three lenses are non-zoom lenses (also known as prime lenses, covered later in this chapter). As we’ll discuss later, faster lenses are also valuable on the sports field.įigure 1.3 Shooting live music requires a fast aperture to freeze the action and handhold longer lenses, even if the shot is a tight headshot of a keyboard player. This comes in handy when shooting in low-light conditions ( Figure 1.3). Practically speaking, the 50mm f/1.2L-at its maximum aperture-lets in more light and allows the shooter to use faster shutter speeds than the other two 50s allow. The 50mm f/1.2L is the fastest of the 50s, and the 50 f/1.8 is the slowest. The number following the f-stop is used to identify the maximum aperture opening-the lower the number, the larger the opening. For example, there are three different 50mm lenses in the Canon lineup: the flagship 50mm f/1.2L, the 50mm f/1.4, and the 50mm f/1.8 (also known as the “nifty fifty”). Essentially, faster lenses are those with large maximum apertures, and those that cannot open up as much are referred to as slower lenses.įigure 1.2 An aperture value of f/5.6 is two stops slower than f/2.8, meaning the shutter speed used in this shot is two stops slower than the speed used in Figure 1.1.Ĭanon makes several variations on many of their lenses, and much of the variance between them is aperture based. Conversely, an aperture that is closed, or stopped down in that same light condition requires a slower shutter speed to create the exact same exposure ( Figures 1.1 and 1.2). When you allow a large amount of light to pass through the lens, you need to cut it off more quickly for a proper exposure. When making an exposure in any given light condition, the larger, or more open, the aperture is, the faster the shutter speed needs to be. Lenses are often described as either fast or slow, based on their maximum aperture openings. We’ll discuss these two points in the next chapter. The aperture controls two things: how much light is let in through the lens and exposed on the sensor (or film), and depth of field, or how much of the shot is in focus. ![]() For the sake of clarity, we refer to this mechanism as the aperture. More specifically, the mechanism that makes up the aperture is the diaphragm, a ring of overlapping, thin metal plates that either close down or remain open during exposure. Within all Canon lenses, there is something called the aperture. Canon Lenses: From Snapshots to Great Shots ![]()
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